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Analyzing Arguments: Claims, Reasons & Evidence

Students learn to take an argument apart — finding the claim (the main point), the reasons behind it, and the evidence that backs it up — so they can decide whether an argument is actually convincing.

Grade 6Nonfiction50 minutes1 class periodReading WorkshopExplicit teaching4 StandardsCommon Core
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Lesson at a Glance

Everything you need before the bell rings

Learning Objectives

Students will be able to…

  • ✓Identify the claim in an argument.
  • ✓Find the reasons and evidence.
  • ✓Tell a claim from a fact.
  • ✓Judge whether evidence supports a claim.
Essential Question

Someone tries to convince you of something — how do you tell their main point from the proof, and decide whether to believe them?

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Lesson Phases
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Vocabulary Terms
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Standards Aligned
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Interactive Task
Trace the Argument · Interactive

Trace the Argument

Project each argument and have students identify the claim, the reasons, and the evidence. The tool explains how the parts fit together.

🔎 Find the parts of each argumentTry it
Read the argument. Find the part it asks for.
The Lesson · Reading Workshop (Mini-Lesson · Practice · Share)

50 minutes, five moves

Tap any phase to open the teacher moves and student actions.

1

Connect — Convince Me

5 min

How do you know if an argument is actually good?

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Make a quick argument to the class.
  • Ask what made it convincing.
  • Set the goal: analyzing arguments.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Hear the argument.
  • Judge it.
  • Predict the parts.
2

Teach — Claim, Reason, Evidence

12 min

Teacher models.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Define claim, reason, evidence.
  • Take an argument apart.
  • Ask if the evidence really fits.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Learn the parts.
  • Take one apart.
  • Test the evidence.
3

Active Engagement — Trace Together

13 min

Class uses Trace the Argument.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Find claims and evidence.
  • Tell claim from fact.
  • Judge the support.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Find the claim.
  • Find evidence.
  • Judge support.
4

Independent Practice — Independent Practice

15 min

Students analyze arguments.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Give arguments to break down.
  • Label claim, reasons, evidence.
  • Evaluate the argument.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Label the parts.
  • Find the evidence.
  • Evaluate it.
5

Share — Share

5 min

Students share an analysis.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Invite a broken-down argument.
  • Judge its strength.
  • Hand out the exit ticket.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Share the parts.
  • Judge the argument.
  • Complete the exit ticket.
Standards Alignment

Built to the standards you report on

Aligned to the Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts.

CCSS
RI.6.8

Trace and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, distinguishing claims supported by reasons and evidence.

CCSS
RI.6.1

Cite textual evidence to support analysis of a text.

CCSS
RI.6.6

Determine an author’s point of view or purpose.

CCSS
W.6.1

Write arguments to support claims with clear reasons and relevant evidence.

Differentiation

One lesson, every learner

Multilingual Learners

ELL / EMERGING READERS
  • Color-code claim, reason, evidence.
  • Sentence frame: “The claim is ___; the evidence is ___.”
  • Sort statement cards.

Support & Access

IEP / 504
  • Start with claim vs. evidence only.
  • Highlight the claim sentence.
  • Use short arguments.

Stretch & Extend

GIFTED / EARLY FINISHERS
  • Judge whether evidence is strong or weak.
  • Find a claim with no evidence.
  • Write a claim + two pieces of evidence.
Materials

What to gather

  • 📽️Projector / board
  • 📓Reading notebooks
  • 💻Trace the Argument
  • 📰Short opinion articles
  • 🖍️Highlighters
  • 🎫Exit-ticket slips
Vocabulary

Key terms — hover for a quick definition

argumentwriting that tries to convinceclaimthe main point to provereasonwhy the claim is trueevidencefacts or examples that prove itfactsomething that can be checkedopiniona personal beliefsupportto back up with proofevaluateto judge how good it is
Evaluate

Exit Ticket

Preview the three formative checks. Tap “Sample answer” to see what mastery looks like — hide them before you print for students.

QUESTION 1
What is a claim?
The main point an author is trying to convince you of.
QUESTION 2
What is the difference between a claim and a fact?
A claim is an arguable opinion; a fact can be checked and proven true.
QUESTION 3
Why should you check the evidence behind a claim?
To decide whether the argument is actually convincing and true, not just an unsupported opinion.

Going deeper? Strong vs. weak evidence.

Have students judge whether the evidence for a claim is strong (facts, data) or weak (just opinion), and explain why. A printable argument-analysis sheet is in the ELA library.

Study · Flashcards

Study the key terms

Tap a card to flip it, then rate whether you knew it. Built from this lesson’s vocabulary.

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Card 1
Term
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Meaning
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Practice · Quiz

Check your understanding

A quick self-check with instant feedback, drawn from this lesson’s key terms.

📝 Analyzing ArgumentsQuiz
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Question 1
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Practice · Worksheet

Printable worksheet

A print-and-go review sheet with a built-in answer key. Tap “Show answer key” to reveal answers, or print the clean version for students.

🖨️ Analyzing ArgumentsPrint
Name: ________________________
Date: ____________

Part A · Write the word that matches each meaning

Word bank: argument, claim, evaluate, evidence, fact, opinion, reason, support
  1. why the claim is true
  2. writing that tries to convince
  3. facts or examples that prove it
  4. a personal belief
  5. the main point to prove
  6. something that can be checked
  7. to back up with proof
  8. to judge how good it is

Part B · Show what you learned

  1. What is a claim?
  2. What is the difference between a claim and a fact?
  3. Why should you check the evidence behind a claim?
Answer key — Part A: 1) reason · 2) argument · 3) evidence · 4) opinion · 5) claim · 6) fact · 7) support · 8) evaluate
Part B: 1) The main point an author is trying to convince you of. 2) A claim is an arguable opinion; a fact can be checked and proven true. 3) To decide whether the argument is actually convincing and true, not just an unsupported opinion.