Home›Lesson Plans›English Language Arts›Reading: Vocabulary · Grade 4

Figurative Language: When Words Don’t Mean Exactly What They Say

Students explore similes, metaphors, idioms, and personification — the colorful tricks writers use to paint pictures with words and make writing come alive.

Grade 4Vocabulary45 minutes1 class periodReading WorkshopExplicit teaching4 StandardsCommon Core
Start the Lesson
Lesson at a Glance

Everything you need before the bell rings

Learning Objectives

Students will be able to…

  • ✓Identify similes and metaphors.
  • ✓Explain the meaning of common idioms.
  • ✓Recognize personification.
  • ✓Use figurative language in their own writing.
Essential Question

When someone says “it’s raining cats and dogs,” no pets fall from the sky. So why do writers say things they don’t literally mean?

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Lesson Phases
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Vocabulary Terms
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Standards Aligned
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Interactive Task
Figurative Explorer · Interactive

The Figurative Explorer

Project this and tap each type of figurative language. Have students record what it does and try to think of their own example.

🎨 Explore figurative language — tap each typeTry it

The Lesson · Reading Workshop (Mini-Lesson · Practice · Share)

45 minutes, five moves

Tap any phase to open the teacher moves and student actions.

1

Connect — Raining Cats and Dogs?

5 min

Take a saying literally — why is it funny?

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Read an idiom literally (act it out).
  • Ask what it really means.
  • Set the goal: figurative language.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Picture the literal meaning.
  • Guess the real meaning.
  • Predict the term.
2

Teach — Four Kinds

10 min

Teacher teaches the types.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Use the Figurative Explorer.
  • Define simile, metaphor, idiom, personification.
  • Give an example of each.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Tap each type.
  • Record its meaning.
  • Note an example.
3

Active Engagement — Spot & Explain

12 min

Class practices.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Show sentences; name the type.
  • Explain what each really means.
  • Compare simile vs. metaphor.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Name each type.
  • Explain the meaning.
  • Tell simile from metaphor.
4

Independent Practice — Your Turn

13 min

Students write figuratively.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Have students write a simile and a metaphor.
  • Try personifying an object.
  • Explain what each means.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Write a simile and metaphor.
  • Personify something.
  • Explain the meaning.
5

Share — Share

5 min

Students share their favorites.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Invite favorite examples.
  • Identify the type together.
  • Hand out the exit ticket.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Share an example.
  • Name the type.
  • Complete the exit ticket.
Standards Alignment

Built to the standards you report on

Aligned to the Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts.

CCSS
L.4.5

Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances.

CCSS
L.4.5a

Explain the meaning of simple similes and metaphors in context.

CCSS
L.4.5b

Recognize and explain the meaning of common idioms.

CCSS
RL.4.4

Determine the meaning of words and phrases, including those that allude or figurative.

Differentiation

One lesson, every learner

Multilingual Learners

ELL / EMERGING READERS
  • Picture cards for each idiom’s meaning.
  • Sentence frame: “‘___’ really means ___.”
  • Match figurative phrases to meanings.

Support & Access

IEP / 504
  • Focus on similes (with like/as) first.
  • Provide idiom meaning cards.
  • Use pictures to show idioms.

Stretch & Extend

GIFTED / EARLY FINISHERS
  • Add hyperbole and onomatopoeia.
  • Rewrite a plain sentence with figurative language.
  • Illustrate an idiom literally vs. its meaning.
Materials

What to gather

  • 📽️Projector / board
  • 📓Reading notebooks
  • 💻The Figurative Explorer
  • 🖼️Idiom picture cards
  • ✏️Pencils
  • 🎫Exit-ticket slips
Vocabulary

Key terms — hover for a quick definition

figurative languagewords that mean more than their literal meaningliteralthe exact, real meaningsimilea comparison using like or asmetaphorsaying one thing is anotheridioma saying with a hidden meaningpersonificationgiving human traits to non-human thingscompareto show how things are alikevividclear and full of life
Evaluate

Exit Ticket

Preview the three formative checks. Tap “Sample answer” to see what mastery looks like — hide them before you print for students.

QUESTION 1
What is the difference between a simile and a metaphor?
A simile compares using “like” or “as” (“brave as a lion”); a metaphor says one thing IS another (“the classroom was a zoo”).
QUESTION 2
What does the idiom “break a leg” really mean?
Good luck! (It does not mean to actually break your leg.)
QUESTION 3
Write a simile about the sun.
Sample: “The sun was as bright as a golden coin.”

Going deeper? Make an idiom book.

Have students pick idioms, draw the funny literal meaning on one side and write the real meaning on the other. A printable idiom-book template is in the ELA library.

Study · Flashcards

Study the key terms

Tap a card to flip it, then rate whether you knew it. Built from this lesson’s vocabulary.

🃏 Figurative LanguageFlip
Card 1
Term
Tap to flip →
Meaning
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Nice work!

Practice · Quiz

Check your understanding

A quick self-check with instant feedback, drawn from this lesson’s key terms.

📝 Figurative LanguageQuiz
Score: 0
1 / 6
Question 1
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Nice work!

Practice · Worksheet

Printable worksheet

A print-and-go review sheet with a built-in answer key. Tap “Show answer key” to reveal answers, or print the clean version for students.

🖨️ Figurative LanguagePrint
Name: ________________________
Date: ____________

Part A · Write the word that matches each meaning

Word bank: compare, figurative language, idiom, literal, metaphor, personification, simile, vivid
  1. a comparison using like or as
  2. clear and full of life
  3. the exact, real meaning
  4. words that mean more than their literal meaning
  5. giving human traits to non-human things
  6. to show how things are alike
  7. a saying with a hidden meaning
  8. saying one thing is another

Part B · Show what you learned

  1. What is the difference between a simile and a metaphor?
  2. What does the idiom “break a leg” really mean?
  3. Write a simile about the sun.
Answer key — Part A: 1) simile · 2) vivid · 3) literal · 4) figurative language · 5) personification · 6) compare · 7) idiom · 8) metaphor
Part B: 1) A simile compares using “like” or “as” (“brave as a lion”); a metaphor says one thing IS another (“the classroom was a zoo”). 2) Good luck! (It does not mean to actually break your leg.) 3) Sample: “The sun was as bright as a golden coin.”