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Ecosystems & Biodiversity

Twelfth graders explore ecosystems — communities of living things interacting with their environment — and biodiversity, the variety of life that keeps ecosystems healthy, resilient, and able to provide the resources all life depends on.

Grade 12Ecosystems55 minutes1 class period5E ModelExplicit teaching4 StandardsNGSS
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Lesson at a Glance

Everything you need before the bell rings

Learning Objectives

Students will be able to…

  • ✓Define an ecosystem.
  • ✓Explain biodiversity.
  • ✓Explain keystone species.
  • ✓Explain why diversity matters.
Essential Question

A rainforest teems with millions of species; a parking lot has almost none. Why does the variety of life in an ecosystem matter so much — for the ecosystem and for us?

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Lesson Phases
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Vocabulary Terms
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Standards Aligned
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Interactive Task
Explore · Interactive

The Ecosystem Explorer

Project this and tap each idea. Have students learn what makes an ecosystem and why biodiversity keeps it healthy!

🌿 Explore ecosystems & biodiversity — tap eachTry it

The Lesson · 5E Instructional Model (Engage · Explore · Explain · Elaborate · Evaluate)

55 minutes, five moves

Tap any phase to open the teacher moves and student actions.

1

Engage — Teeming vs. Barren

5 min

A rainforest teems with life; a parking lot has almost none — why does it matter?

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Compare two places.
  • Ask why diversity matters.
  • Pose the question.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Compare them.
  • Wonder why.
  • Predict the idea.
2

Explore — Explore Ecosystems

12 min

Students investigate.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Send students to the Ecosystem Explorer.
  • Note biodiversity.
  • Note keystone species.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Tap each.
  • Note diversity.
  • Note keystones.
3

Explain — Diversity & Stability

13 min

Students explain.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Explain ecosystems.
  • Explain biodiversity.
  • Explain niches and keystones.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Explain ecosystems.
  • Explain diversity.
  • Explain niches.
4

Elaborate — Why It Matters

15 min

Students elaborate.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Explain ecosystem services.
  • Explain resilience.
  • Analyze a keystone example.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Explain services.
  • Explain resilience.
  • Analyze one.
5

Evaluate — Evaluate

5 min

Students conclude.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Explain biodiversity.
  • Explain why it matters.
  • Hand out the exit ticket.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Explain it.
  • Explain why.
  • Complete the exit ticket.
Standards Alignment

Built to the standards you report on

Aligned to the Next Generation Science Standards (High School Earth & Environmental Science).

NGSS
HS-LS2-2

Use mathematical representations to support explanations of biodiversity at different scales.

NGSS
HS-LS2-6

Evaluate claims about ecosystem stability and resilience.

NGSS
HS-LS4-6

Design solutions to reduce impacts on biodiversity.

NGSS
SEP-4

Analyzing and interpreting data.

Differentiation

One lesson, every learner

Multilingual Learners

ELL / EMERGING READERS
  • Ecosystem-part diagram.
  • Sentence frame: “Biodiversity means ___.”
  • Use a local ecosystem.

Support & Access

IEP / 504
  • Start with biotic vs. abiotic.
  • Use a familiar ecosystem.
  • Focus on “variety of life.”

Stretch & Extend

GIFTED / EARLY FINISHERS
  • Calculate a biodiversity index.
  • Analyze a keystone removal.
  • Map ecosystem services.
Materials

What to gather

  • 📽️Projector / board
  • 🌿Ecosystem photos
  • 💻The Ecosystem Explorer
  • 🔬Field guides
  • ✏️Pencils
  • 🎫Exit-ticket slips
Vocabulary

Key terms — hover for a quick definition

ecosystemliving things plus their environmentbioticthe living partsabioticthe nonliving partsbiodiversitythe variety of lifespeciesa type of organismkeystone speciesa species with an outsized effectnichean organism’s role in an ecosystemresiliencethe ability to recover from disturbance
Evaluate

Exit Ticket

Preview the three formative checks. Tap “Sample answer” to see what mastery looks like — hide them before you print for students.

QUESTION 1
What is biodiversity?
The variety of life — the number and range of species — in an ecosystem.
QUESTION 2
What is a keystone species?
A species that has a large effect on its ecosystem relative to its abundance; removing it can cause the system to collapse.
QUESTION 3
Why does high biodiversity usually make an ecosystem healthier?
It makes the ecosystem more stable and resilient — better able to recover from disturbances.

Elaborate: the keystone effect.

Have students research a real case (like wolves in Yellowstone) and explain how removing or restoring a keystone species reshaped the whole ecosystem. A printable ecosystems sheet is in the Science library.

Study · Flashcards

Study the key terms

Tap a card to flip it, then rate whether you knew it. Built from this lesson’s vocabulary.

🃏 Ecosystems & BiodiversityFlip
Card 1
Term
Tap to flip →
Meaning
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Practice · Quiz

Check your understanding

A quick self-check with instant feedback, drawn from this lesson’s key terms.

📝 Ecosystems & BiodiversityQuiz
Score: 0
1 / 6
Question 1
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Practice · Worksheet

Printable worksheet

A print-and-go review sheet with a built-in answer key. Tap “Show answer key” to reveal answers, or print the clean version for students.

🖨️ Ecosystems & BiodiversityPrint
Name: ________________________
Date: ____________

Part A · Write the word that matches each meaning

Word bank: abiotic, biodiversity, biotic, ecosystem, keystone species, niche, resilience, species
  1. the living parts
  2. the nonliving parts
  3. an organism’s role in an ecosystem
  4. living things plus their environment
  5. the variety of life
  6. a type of organism
  7. the ability to recover from disturbance
  8. a species with an outsized effect

Part B · Show what you learned

  1. What is biodiversity?
  2. What is a keystone species?
  3. Why does high biodiversity usually make an ecosystem healthier?
Answer key — Part A: 1) biotic · 2) abiotic · 3) niche · 4) ecosystem · 5) biodiversity · 6) species · 7) resilience · 8) keystone species
Part B: 1) The variety of life — the number and range of species — in an ecosystem. 2) A species that has a large effect on its ecosystem relative to its abundance; removing it can cause the system to collapse. 3) It makes the ecosystem more stable and resilient — better able to recover from disturbances.