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Density: Why Some Things Float

Eighth graders learn density — how much mass is packed into a given volume — and use it to predict whether an object floats or sinks, discovering that a huge steel ship floats while a tiny pebble sinks.

Grade 8Properties of Matter50 minutes1 class period5E ModelExplicit teaching4 StandardsNGSS
Start the Lesson
Lesson at a Glance

Everything you need before the bell rings

Learning Objectives

Students will be able to…

  • ✓Define density.
  • ✓Calculate density (mass ÷ volume).
  • ✓Predict floating vs. sinking.
  • ✓Compare densities.
Essential Question

A giant steel ship floats, but a tiny pebble sinks. How can something so heavy float while something so light goes straight down? The secret is density.

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Lesson Phases
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Vocabulary Terms
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Standards Aligned
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Interactive Task
Explore · Interactive

The Density Explorer

Project this and change the mass and volume. Watch the density change — and see whether the object floats or sinks in water!

⚖️ Explore density — float or sink?Try it
Mass: 6 g
Volume: 4 cm³

The Lesson · 5E Instructional Model (Engage · Explore · Explain · Elaborate · Evaluate)

50 minutes, five moves

Tap any phase to open the teacher moves and student actions.

1

Engage — Ship vs. Pebble

5 min

A steel ship floats but a pebble sinks — how?

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Pose the ship-vs-pebble puzzle.
  • Ask what determines floating.
  • Pose the question.

🎒 Student Actions

  • See the puzzle.
  • Wonder why.
  • Predict the idea.
2

Explore — Explore Density

12 min

Students investigate.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Send students to the Density Explorer.
  • Change mass and volume.
  • Note float vs. sink.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Change values.
  • Note density.
  • Note float/sink.
3

Explain — Mass Per Volume

13 min

Students explain.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Define density = mass ÷ volume.
  • Explain floating vs. sinking.
  • Compare to water.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Define density.
  • Explain floating.
  • Compare to water.
4

Elaborate — Predict & Test

13 min

Students elaborate.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Predict if objects float.
  • Calculate densities.
  • Explain the ship.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Predict them.
  • Calculate them.
  • Explain the ship.
5

Evaluate — Evaluate

5 min

Students conclude.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Calculate a density.
  • Predict float or sink.
  • Hand out the exit ticket.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Calculate it.
  • Predict it.
  • Complete the exit ticket.
Standards Alignment

Built to the standards you report on

Aligned to the Next Generation Science Standards (Middle School Physical Science).

NGSS
MS-PS1-1

Develop models to describe the atomic composition of substances.

NGSS
MS-PS1-2

Analyze data on properties of substances (like density).

NGSS
MS-PS1-4

Model changes in particle motion and arrangement.

NGSS
SEP-5

Using mathematics and computational thinking.

Differentiation

One lesson, every learner

Multilingual Learners

ELL / EMERGING READERS
  • Density = mass ÷ volume card.
  • Sentence frame: “It floats because its density is ___.”
  • Test real objects in water.

Support & Access

IEP / 504
  • Start with float vs. sink.
  • Use a water demo.
  • Compare density to 1.

Stretch & Extend

GIFTED / EARLY FINISHERS
  • Find density of irregular objects.
  • Explain why ice floats.
  • Layer liquids by density.
Materials

What to gather

  • 📽️Projector / board
  • ⚖️A balance and beakers
  • 💻The Density Explorer
  • 🪨Objects to test
  • 🧮Calculators
  • 🎫Exit-ticket slips
Vocabulary

Key terms — hover for a quick definition

densitymass per unit volumemassthe amount of mattervolumethe space something takes upfloatto rest on a liquid’s surfacesinkto fall through a liquidbuoyancythe upward force of a fluidg/cm³grams per cubic centimeterpropertya characteristic of matter
Evaluate

Exit Ticket

Preview the three formative checks. Tap “Sample answer” to see what mastery looks like — hide them before you print for students.

QUESTION 1
How do you calculate density?
Divide mass by volume (density = mass ÷ volume).
QUESTION 2
An object with a density less than water (1 g/cm³) will do what?
Float.
QUESTION 3
How can a heavy steel ship float?
Its overall density (including the air-filled hull) is less than water.

Elaborate: why does ice float?

Have students investigate why ice is LESS dense than liquid water — an unusual and important property that lets fish survive under frozen lakes. A printable density sheet is in the Science library.

Study · Flashcards

Study the key terms

Tap a card to flip it, then rate whether you knew it. Built from this lesson’s vocabulary.

🃏 DensityFlip
Card 1
Term
Tap to flip →
Meaning
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Nice work!

Practice · Quiz

Check your understanding

A quick self-check with instant feedback, drawn from this lesson’s key terms.

📝 DensityQuiz
Score: 0
1 / 6
Question 1
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Nice work!

Practice · Worksheet

Printable worksheet

A print-and-go review sheet with a built-in answer key. Tap “Show answer key” to reveal answers, or print the clean version for students.

🖨️ DensityPrint
Name: ________________________
Date: ____________

Part A · Write the word that matches each meaning

Word bank: buoyancy, density, float, g/cm³, mass, property, sink, volume
  1. the amount of matter
  2. to rest on a liquid’s surface
  3. grams per cubic centimeter
  4. to fall through a liquid
  5. the upward force of a fluid
  6. a characteristic of matter
  7. the space something takes up
  8. mass per unit volume

Part B · Show what you learned

  1. How do you calculate density?
  2. An object with a density less than water (1 g/cm³) will do what?
  3. How can a heavy steel ship float?
Answer key — Part A: 1) mass · 2) float · 3) g/cm³ · 4) sink · 5) buoyancy · 6) property · 7) volume · 8) density
Part B: 1) Divide mass by volume (density = mass ÷ volume). 2) Float. 3) Its overall density (including the air-filled hull) is less than water.