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Federalism: Sharing Power

Ninth graders learn how the U.S. Constitution divides power between the national (federal) government and the states — a system called federalism — with some powers belonging to each level and some shared.

Grade 9Structure of Government55 minutes1 class periodC3 InquiryExplicit teaching4 StandardsC3
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Lesson at a Glance

Everything you need before the bell rings

Learning Objectives

Students will be able to…

  • ✓Define federalism.
  • ✓Identify federal powers.
  • ✓Identify state powers.
  • ✓Explain shared powers.
Essential Question

Why can your state set its own driving age, but only the national government can print money or declare war? The answer is federalism — the sharing of power between the nation and the states.

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Lesson Phases
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Vocabulary Terms
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Standards Aligned
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Interactive Task
Sort It · Interactive

Federal or State Power?

Project this and sort each power by whether it belongs to the national (federal) government or the state governments.

🏛️ Sort each power — federal or state?Try it
🇺🇸 Federal (National)
📍 State Governments
Tap a power, then tap a level.
The Lesson · C3 Inquiry Arc (Question · Investigate · Evaluate Evidence · Communicate · Take Action)

55 minutes, five moves

Tap any phase to open the teacher moves and student actions.

1

Question — Two Levels of Power

5 min

Your state sets the driving age, but only the nation prints money — why?

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Pose the power puzzle.
  • Ask who decides what.
  • Set the inquiry.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Consider it.
  • Wonder how.
  • Predict the idea.
2

Investigate — Sort the Powers

12 min

Students investigate.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Send students to Federal or State Power?
  • Sort each power.
  • Note the two levels.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Sort them.
  • Note levels.
  • Explain them.
3

Evaluate Evidence — Weigh the Evidence

13 min

Students analyze.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Explain federalism.
  • Explain federal powers.
  • Explain state and shared powers.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Explain it.
  • Explain federal.
  • Explain state.
4

Communicate — Make the Case

13 min

Students communicate.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Explain why powers are divided.
  • Cite examples.
  • Explain a shared power.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Explain why.
  • Cite it.
  • Explain shared.
5

Take Action — Take Action

5 min

Students conclude.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Classify a real government power.
  • Explain which level.
  • Complete the exit ticket.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Classify it.
  • Explain it.
  • Complete the exit ticket.
Standards Alignment

Built to the standards you report on

Aligned to the C3 Framework for Social Studies State Standards (Civics & Government).

C3
D2.Civ.5.9-12

Evaluate citizens’ and institutions’ roles across levels of government.

C3
D2.Civ.4.9-12

Explain how the Constitution distributes powers.

C3
D2.Civ.3.9-12

Analyze the powers of governmental institutions.

C3
D4.1.9-12

Construct arguments using evidence.

Differentiation

One lesson, every learner

Multilingual Learners

ELL / EMERGING READERS
  • Federal/state power cards.
  • Sentence frame: “The ___ government can ___.”
  • Use a two-column chart.

Support & Access

IEP / 504
  • Start with money vs. schools.
  • Sort one at a time.
  • Use a chart.

Stretch & Extend

GIFTED / EARLY FINISHERS
  • Explain concurrent powers.
  • Analyze a federal-vs-state conflict.
  • Explain the supremacy clause.
Materials

What to gather

  • 📽️Projector / board
  • 🇺🇸A government chart
  • 💻Federal or State Power?
  • 📜The Constitution
  • ✏️Pencils
  • 🎫Exit-ticket slips
Vocabulary

Key terms — hover for a quick definition

federalismsharing power between nation and statesfederal governmentthe national governmentstate governmenta state’s governmentdelegated powerspowers given to the federal governmentreserved powerspowers kept by the statesconcurrent powerspowers shared by bothConstitutionthe document that divides powersupremacy clausefederal law is the highest law
Evaluate

Exit Ticket

Preview the three formative checks. Tap “Sample answer” to see what mastery looks like — hide them before you print for students.

QUESTION 1
What is federalism?
A system that divides power between the national (federal) government and the states.
QUESTION 2
Name one power that belongs only to the federal government.
Printing money, declaring war, running the postal service, or making treaties.
QUESTION 3
Name one power that belongs to the states.
Running schools, issuing driver’s licenses, or holding local elections.

Take action: which level?

Have students pick a real issue they care about and figure out whether the federal or state government has the power to act on it. A printable federalism sheet is in the Social Studies library.

Study · Flashcards

Study the key terms

Tap a card to flip it, then rate whether you knew it. Built from this lesson’s vocabulary.

🃏 FederalismFlip
Card 1
Term
Tap to flip →
Meaning
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Practice · Quiz

Check your understanding

A quick self-check with instant feedback, drawn from this lesson’s key terms.

📝 FederalismQuiz
Score: 0
1 / 6
Question 1
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Practice · Worksheet

Printable worksheet

A print-and-go review sheet with a built-in answer key. Tap “Show answer key” to reveal answers, or print the clean version for students.

🖨️ FederalismPrint
Name: ________________________
Date: ____________

Part A · Write the word that matches each meaning

Word bank: concurrent powers, Constitution, delegated powers, federal government, federalism, reserved powers, state government, supremacy clause
  1. the document that divides power
  2. powers shared by both
  3. a state’s government
  4. powers given to the federal government
  5. federal law is the highest law
  6. the national government
  7. sharing power between nation and states
  8. powers kept by the states

Part B · Show what you learned

  1. What is federalism?
  2. Name one power that belongs only to the federal government.
  3. Name one power that belongs to the states.
Answer key — Part A: 1) Constitution · 2) concurrent powers · 3) state government · 4) delegated powers · 5) supremacy clause · 6) federal government · 7) federalism · 8) reserved powers
Part B: 1) A system that divides power between the national (federal) government and the states. 2) Printing money, declaring war, running the postal service, or making treaties. 3) Running schools, issuing driver’s licenses, or holding local elections.