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Weathering & Erosion: How Water Shapes the Land

Students slide time forward and watch a river slowly carve a canyon — discovering that weathering breaks rock apart and erosion carries it away, reshaping the land over long stretches of time.

Grade 4Earth Changes45 minutes1 class period5E ModelExplicit teaching4 StandardsCommon Core
Start the Lesson
Lesson at a Glance

Everything you need before the bell rings

Learning Objectives

Students will be able to…

  • ✓Explain weathering (breaking rock apart).
  • ✓Explain erosion (carrying pieces away).
  • ✓Name forces that cause them (water, wind, ice).
  • ✓Explain that landforms change over long times.
Essential Question

The Grand Canyon is a mile deep — carved by a river. How can slow-moving water reshape solid rock into a giant canyon?

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Lesson Phases
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Vocabulary Terms
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Standards Aligned
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Interactive Task
Explore · Interactive Model

Carve a Canyon

Project this and slide time forward. Watch the river weather and erode the rock, carving a deeper canyon and revealing older layers below.

🏞️ Slide time forward — carve a canyonTry it
Time: A little

The Lesson · 5E Model

45 minutes, five moves

Tap any phase to open the teacher moves and student actions.

1

Engage — A Mile-Deep Ditch

5 min

Show the Grand Canyon — what dug it?

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Show a canyon photo.
  • Ask what could carve solid rock.
  • Set the goal: weathering and erosion.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Look at the canyon.
  • Guess what carved it.
  • Predict how it formed.
2

Explore — Carve a Canyon

12 min

Students investigate the model.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Send students to Carve a Canyon.
  • Have them slide time and observe.
  • Prompt: what happens to the rock?

🎒 Student Actions

  • Slide time forward.
  • Watch the canyon deepen.
  • Note the layers exposed.
3

Explain — Weathering vs. Erosion

12 min

Teacher explains.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Define weathering (breaking rock apart).
  • Define erosion (carrying pieces away).
  • Name water, wind, and ice as causes.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Tell weathering from erosion.
  • Name a cause of each.
  • Explain the slow change.
4

Elaborate — Shaping the Earth

11 min

Connect to landforms + time.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Show other landforms (valleys, beaches, arches).
  • Stress it takes very long times.
  • Discuss slowing erosion (plants, walls).

🎒 Student Actions

  • Match a landform to its cause.
  • Explain the time scale.
  • Suggest ways to slow erosion.
5

Evaluate — Exit Ticket

5 min

Three quick checks.

👩‍🏫 Teacher Moves

  • Hand out the exit ticket.
  • Look for weathering vs. erosion.
  • Collect as formative data.

🎒 Student Actions

  • Define weathering/erosion.
  • Name a cause.
  • Explain the time.
Standards Alignment

Built to the standards you report on

Aligned to Next Generation Science Standards and Common Core literacy. State-standard crosswalks available on request.

NGSS
4-ESS2-1

Make observations and measurements to provide evidence of the effects of weathering or the rate of erosion.

NGSS
4-ESS1-1

Identify evidence from patterns in rock formations and fossils to support an explanation for changes in a landscape over time.

NGSS
4-ESS2-2

Analyze and interpret data from maps to describe patterns of Earth’s features.

CCSS
RI.4.7

Interpret information presented visually and explain how it contributes to understanding.

Differentiation

One lesson, every learner

Multilingual Learners

ELL / EMERGING READERS
  • Demo erosion with water and a sand pile.
  • Sentence frame: “Weathering ___; erosion ___.”
  • Picture cards of water, wind, ice.

Support & Access

IEP / 504
  • Focus on “water wears rock away” as the core idea.
  • Use the hands-on sand-and-water demo.
  • Provide a labeled canyon diagram.

Stretch & Extend

GIFTED / EARLY FINISHERS
  • Compare weathering by water, wind, and ice.
  • Explain how the Grand Canyon’s layers show time.
  • Design a way to slow erosion on a hillside.
Materials

What to gather

  • 📽️Projector / board
  • 📓Science notebooks
  • 💻Carve a Canyon
  • 🪨A pan of sand + water
  • 💧A cup of water
  • 🎫Exit-ticket slips
Vocabulary

Key terms — hover for a quick definition

weatheringbreaking rock into smaller pieceserosioncarrying pieces awaydepositiondropping the pieces in a new placecanyona deep valley carved by waterlandforma natural feature of the landsedimenttiny pieces of rock and soilglaciera slow-moving river of icerock layera band of rock formed over time
Evaluate

Exit Ticket

Preview the three formative checks. Tap “Sample answer” to see what mastery looks like — hide them before you print for students.

QUESTION 1
What is the difference between weathering and erosion?
Weathering breaks rock into smaller pieces; erosion carries those pieces away to a new place.
QUESTION 2
Name one thing that causes erosion.
Water (rivers, rain), wind, or ice (glaciers).
QUESTION 3
The Grand Canyon is very deep. About how long did it take a river to carve it?
A very long time — millions of years — because weathering and erosion work slowly.

Going deeper? Build an erosion model.

Have students pour water down a sand or soil hill and observe how it weathers and erodes the material, then test a way to slow it (plants, rocks). A printable erosion-lab sheet is in the Science library.

Study · Flashcards

Study the key terms

Tap a card to flip it, then rate whether you knew it. Built from this lesson’s vocabulary.

🃏 Weathering & ErosionFlip
Card 1
Term
Tap to flip →
Meaning
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Practice · Quiz

Check your understanding

A quick self-check with instant feedback, drawn from this lesson’s key terms.

📝 Weathering & ErosionQuiz
Score: 0
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Question 1
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Practice · Worksheet

Printable worksheet

A print-and-go review sheet with a built-in answer key. Tap “Show answer key” to reveal answers, or print the clean version for students.

🖨️ Weathering & ErosionPrint
Name: ________________________
Date: ____________

Part A · Write the word that matches each meaning

Word bank: canyon, deposition, erosion, glacier, landform, rock layer, sediment, weathering
  1. a slow-moving river of ice
  2. a deep valley carved by water
  3. dropping the pieces in a new place
  4. tiny pieces of rock and soil
  5. breaking rock into smaller pieces
  6. a natural feature of the land
  7. carrying pieces away
  8. a band of rock formed over time

Part B · Show what you learned

  1. What is the difference between weathering and erosion?
  2. Name one thing that causes erosion.
  3. The Grand Canyon is very deep. About how long did it take a river to carve it?
Answer key — Part A: 1) glacier · 2) canyon · 3) deposition · 4) sediment · 5) weathering · 6) landform · 7) erosion · 8) rock layer
Part B: 1) Weathering breaks rock into smaller pieces; erosion carries those pieces away to a new place. 2) Water (rivers, rain), wind, or ice (glaciers). 3) A very long time — millions of years — because weathering and erosion work slowly.